from micherd: functions_without_Exception.sql, fixes in functions.sql #286

#286FIX problem with NULL in PHP

ADD: drop functios helper script; FIX: plan_create agatin #286

FIX: syntax errors in functions.sql #286

ADD: functions_08_09_18.sql #286

FIX: signinbyopenid #286

fix(functions): getrates, deletemodule, deletesubmodule, students_getdisciplines

FIX: media/js/discipline/editStructure.js formatting error

fix(sql): functions and tables

fix(pgsql #286): merge two files with functions

fix: dean office functions

fix(pgsql #286): getfullinfo

FIX: log form download #286

- sql refactoring
- fix incorrect function's Сase (handler/map.php)
- fix group attaching (incorrect attaching/deattaching)
- fix incorrect sql function usage (see InternalIsMapCreated in ChangeDisciplineControl)
- fix grades without degree (sp CreateGrade), (+sql fixes file)
- add error handling for module name changing
- remove redundant console.log
- fix lost extra rates (student index page)
- improper exam rate (student index page)

Add: support of compound disciplines (wait for realizing at db)
Correct: a little correction of user interface at bill page

	modified:   media/css/bill.css
	modified:   ~dev_rating/application/classes/Controller/DeanOffice/Bill.php
	modified:   ~dev_rating/application/classes/Model/Discipline.php
	modified:   ~dev_rating/application/classes/Model/Student.php
	modified:   ~dev_rating/application/views/dean_office/bill.twig

* Fixed bug with students search
* Documentation for Model_Student
* Utility function Arr::groupBy()

– Type constants (exam, credit)
– New function exists()
– More clear method names

* Model User has constants to check access for pages
* Some routes are moved to separate files (app/routes/api)
* New abstract model Container for complex objects like Discipline & Student (with -> access operator)
* New DeanOffice controller with access checks
* New SQL procedure to get info about students
* Profile page for students (/dean_office/students/127)

1. Discipline models have the direct access to fields, for example: $discipline->subjectName, so you don't have to remember them (press ctrl+space). Improves static code analysis. Also, if you make a mismatch, ErrorException will be thrown — this is the most important improvement.

2. There are some operations on disciplines (attach new teacher, transfer discipline to another teacher, an so on), so you can use them: $discipline->attachTeacher(53).

3. Discipline model has array access operators, so you must not convert instances with toArray() method. A common way is:

/* PHP */
$d = Model_Discipline::load($id);
$d['extraField'] = 127;
$twig->Discipline = $d;  // is ok, cause $d is like an array

/* Twig */
{{ Discipline.extraField }}   // call $d->offsetGet('extraField') method

4. Models Faculty, Student, Teachers and Groups have `getDisciplines()` method, and an array of Model_Discipline will be returned.

5. We use camelCase for all fields: in twig, on the PHP level and also in the database.